4 Lights
4 Lights, Mike Virgilioeconomics | energy | government | lots of charts \ud83d\udcc8
| Platform |  | Pricing | Only free issues | Publishes | Twice weekly |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Issues | 82 | Subscribers | Read | 4lights.substack.com |
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Latest Issues
Recent posts by this newsletter. Browse the email archive.
🚨 Electricity Prices Really are Getting Outrageous
Most of my career in government focused on reducing energy usage and utilities costs in federal buildings in the Midwest. At that time (early 2010s), the Midwest was blessed with the lowest energy prices in the country. It wasn't uncommon f...
⬆️ GDP Nowcast: Q3, 2025: +3.2%
The Federal Reserve voted to cut interest rates today for the first time since December, so it seems like a good time to fire up the GDP nowcast model. The model was pretty optimistic about Q3 growth earlier in the quarter, and it still thi...
III Bullets
* 🎧 Podcast: Why Housing Feels Hopeless | The David Frum Show | Housing is a topic a lot of us Millennials are fairly bitter about. The housing-centered 07-09' mega recession permanently lowered a big chunk of Millennial's income, and it m...
⚡️Population? Weather? GDP? Digging Deeper on Rising Electricity Use
A few weeks ago, I wrote about the U.S. hitting a new daily electricity usage record. One astute reader messaged me about what’s behind the surge in electricity usage beyond the hype around AI and datacenters. The reader cited population gr...
Authors
The writers behind this newsletter.
economics | energy | government | lots of charts \ud83d\udcc8 ᴠɪᴇᴡꜱ ᴇxᴘʀᴇꜱꜱᴇᴅ ʜᴇʀᴇ ᴀʀᴇ ᴍʏ ᴏᴡɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴅᴏ ɴᴏᴛ ɴᴇᴄᴇꜱꜱᴀʀɪʟʏ ʀᴇᴘʀᴇꜱᴇɴᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏꜰꜰɪᴄɪᴀʟ ᴏᴘɪɴɪᴏɴꜱ ᴏʀ ᴘᴏʟɪᴄɪᴇꜱ ᴏꜰ ᴍʏ ᴇᴍᴘʟᴏʏᴇʀ
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