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By the Numbers

Hannah Ritchie

Using data and research to understand what really makes a difference

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Substack
PricingOnly free issuesPublishesWeekly
Issues156Founded4 years agoLast Issue15 days ago
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Latest Issues

How much electricity does AI consume? [2025 summary]

Over the past year, I’ve written a few articles about the energy (and carbon) footprint of individual use of artificial intelligence, mostly in the form of asking LLMs (or chatbots) questions.

The problem is that until recently, the latest...

15 days ago
252
27

Receiving the Unwin Award

A very short post today.

Last week I was in London for the Unwin Award Ceremony. It was held at the Royal Institution. Special as it’s where they’d host the infamous Science Christmas Lectures I watched as a kid on television.

I was one o...

21 days ago
268
45

Are only one-third of Britain’s railways electric?

Over the last few years, I’ve seen numerous graphics and social media posts similar to the ones below. They show what share of different countries’ railway lines are electrified. Most of the rest run on diesel.

The focus of the post is alw...

23 days ago
191
64

An end to cervical cancer is possible

We all have those moments in life where something clicks. A few years ago, I had mine when I realised that many cancers are caused by infections.

Before then, I had what I’d guess is the common understanding of how cancers form and spread....

a month ago
212
9

The UK is cutting its aid budget to the lowest level in decades

Cuts to USAID have received a decent amount of public attention over the last year.

Understandably so: the United States is the world’s largest aid donor in pure dollar terms (even though it’s far down the list when compared to the size of...

2 months ago
130
54

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