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The Confluence

Sam Knowlton

Bringing together agriculture, ecology, food, and health.

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Substack
PricingOnly free issuesPublishesWeekly
Issues25Founded4 years agoLast Issue20 days ago
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Latest Issues

Terra Preta and the Limits of Biochar

Patches of dark, exceptionally fertile soil are scattered across the Amazon Basin along river bluffs and ancient pathways, in a landscape where the surrounding soil is aluminum-toxic, severely leached, and low in soil carbon. Indigenous Ama...

20 days ago
70
16

Agriculture's Other Microbiome

Over the past two decades, agriculture has begun to recognize soil as a living system, one where microbial communities cycle nutrients, suppress disease, and store carbon. What this understanding has missed is that the soil microbiome, for...

2 months ago
97
12

Coffee Leaf Rust and the Limits of Genetic Resistance

Ceylon’s Coffee Crisis

In 1869, small pale-yellow spots appeared on coffee leaves in Ceylon (today known as Sri Lanka), marking what would become one of agriculture’s most consequential disease outbreaks. The fungus responsible would ev...

6 months ago
28
8

How Microbes Rewrite the Rules of Plant Nutrition

Plants have traditionally been understood as independent organisms with well-defined physiological limitations, particularly regarding the movement of minerals through their vascular systems. This understanding crystallized over centuries—f...

a year ago
92
15

The Collapse of Florida's Citrus Empire

Florida's citrus industry, once the crown jewel of American agriculture, has experienced a dramatic decline that serves as a wake up call about the vulnerabilities of industrial monoculture farming. From a peak production of 244 million box...

a year ago
173
15

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