Bytes & B-Tree's
System Design RoadmapBytes & B-trees is a weekly newsletter for software engineers who want to understand databases from first principles — storage physics to distributed consensus. One production concept per issue, with working SQL scripts and demos in the GitHub vault.
| Platform |  | Pricing | Freemium | Publishes | Twice weekly |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Issues | 11 | Founded | a month ago | Last Issue | 9 days ago |
| Active | |||||
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bytesbtrees.substack.comLatest Issues
Issue #008 — Durability & fsync
When Postgres calls fsync() after writing a WAL record, it trusts the storage stack to confirm that the data is physically durable. That trust is usually warranted.
In March 2018, a widely-read blog post from PostgreSQL contributor Tomas V...
Issue #007 — Atomicity at the Byte Level
"Vault assets for this issue: wal_demo.py + fsync_benchmark.sh — accessible in your GitHub vault invitation."
"Vault assets for this issue: wal_demo.py + fsync_benchmark.sh — accessible in your GitHub vault invitation."
CODD's 12 rules — the complete definition of what "relational" actually means
By the early 1980s, relational databases were commercially successful. Oracle was selling software. IBM had DB2. Ingres had a growing user base. SQL was on its way to standardisation. CODD’s 1970 paper had won.
And then the marketing dep...
IMS, CODASYL & CODD's relational model — what came before SQL, why it failed, and the idea that changed everything
The year is 1966. NASA is three years away from putting a man on the Moon. The Apollo programme is the largest engineering project in human history, involving 400,000 people, 20,000 contractors, and roughly 10 million individual parts. IB...
Why flat files fail — the six problems that forced databases into existence
In 1969, an engineer at a company called North American Rockwell was trying to track parts inventory across an Apollo spacecraft manufacturing programme. The data lived in flat files — sequential binary files on magnetic tape, organised b...
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