A new framework on how China’s rise is reshaping global competition across industry, technology, energy, capital flows, and geopolitics. Grounded in local insight and shaped by a global perspective. Publishing 5-10 in-depth structural essays weekly
| Platform |  | Pricing | Freemium | Publishes | Daily |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Issues | 320 | Founded | 10 months ago | Last Issue | 5 days ago |
| Active | |||||
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leonliao.substack.comLatest Issues
Xi Jinping’s New Quality Productive Forces: China’s Next Industrial Transformation
From scientific breakthroughs to factory modernization, China is rethinking how technology, industry, and production work together.
Thank you to paid subscribers for supporting China as a System. Your support helps sustain independent rese...
How China Industrialized ADC Manufacturing
As the leader of China’s ADC manufacturing industry, WuXi XDC built its industrial system around the interfaces between biology and chemistry.
Thank you to paid subscribers for supporting China as a System. Your support helps sustain indep...
How Should Europe Respond to an Industrially Stronger China?
I believe Europe has the right to protect its industry. But China’s growing industrial strength must also be accepted as an economic reality to which Europe needs to adapt. What China and Europe need to establish is how these two realitie...
How China Industrialized Biologics Manufacturing
Washington can change a CDMO’s legal status in months. Moving a cell line can take years. WuXi Biologics built an industrial system around that gap.
By the end of 2025, WuXi Biologics was managing 945 integrated projects. Only 25 had reach...
Special Edition | Why Is China’s Central Bank Resisting Pressure to Appreciate the Renminbi?
Europe wants China to adjust its currency to correct a trade imbalance. Beijing’s answer is that exchange rates cannot rebuild another country’s industrial competitiveness, reverse decades of structural decline, or compensate for the fail...
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A new framework for understanding China, industrial power, state capacity, tech diffusion, capital flows, and global order.Former Managing Director at a global investment bank and Head of a top China research institute
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