China as a System @leonliao
Leon LiaoA new framework on how China’s rise is reshaping global competition across industry, technology, energy, capital flows, and geopolitics. Grounded in local insight and shaped by a global perspective. Publishing 5-10 in-depth structural essays weekly
| Platform |  | Pricing | Freemium | Publishes | Daily |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Issues | 197 | Founded | 6 months ago | Last Issue | 2 days ago |
| Active | |||||
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leonliao.substack.comLatest Issues
Bambu Lab: The DJI Alumni Who Rebuilt Desktop 3D Printing
How a Shenzhen startup turned 3D printing from a tinkerer’s machine into a global consumer hardware business
Bambu Lab has turned desktop 3D printing into a global consumer hardware category, showing how a Shenzhen startup can create a mul...
Inside China’s Open-Weight LLM Infrastructure
How Chinese open models are moving from public releases into coding tools, cloud platforms, and domestic compute systems.
Open weights are only the entry point. For a model to enter an industrial system, it still needs providers, toolchain...
Why France Has So Little Air Conditioning
In China, air conditioning is a household appliance. In France, fixed air conditioning often becomes a small residential construction project.
This essay is part of State Governance and Capacity.
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Jiangnan Water Vil...
Inside China’s Chip Equipment Breakout
China’s Semiconductor Equipment Localization Is Moving from Single-Point Breakthroughs to Platform Competition
The most important change to watch in China’s semiconductor equipment industry is that a group of companies in etching, depositi...
How Europe Reverse-Engineered China’s White Gold
Europe did not simply copy Chinese porcelain. It tried to decode Jingdezhen’s raw materials, kilns, division of labor, and production logic — and then place that knowledge inside European courts, laboratories, factories, and industrial ma...
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Authors
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China as a System offers a new framework for understanding China, industrial power, state capacity, tech diffusion, capital flows, and global order. Former managing director at a global investment bank and a leading Chinese economic institute
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